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Haram Municipality

Coordinates: 62°34′03″N 06°22′20″E / 62.56750°N 6.37222°E / 62.56750; 6.37222
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Haram Municipality
Haram kommune
Municipality
Harham herred  (historic name)
View of Haramsøya, the island that gave the municipality its name
View of Haramsøya, the island that gave the municipality its name
Flag of Haram Municipality
Flag
Coat of arms of Haram Municipality
Coat of arms
Møre og Romsdal within Norway
Møre og Romsdal within Norway
Haram within Møre og Romsdal
Haram within Møre og Romsdal
Coordinates: 62°34′03″N 06°22′20″E / 62.56750°N 6.37222°E / 62.56750; 6.37222
CountryNorway
CountyMøre og Romsdal
DistrictSunnmøre
Established1 Jan 1838
 • Created asFormannskapsdistrikt
Disestablished1 Jan 2020
 • Succeeded byÅlesund Municipality
Re-established1 Jan 2024
 • Preceded byÅlesund Municipality
Administrative centreBrattvåg
Government
 • Mayor (2023)Vebjørn Krogsæter (Sp)
Area
 • Total
261.19 km2 (100.85 sq mi)
 • Land254.36 km2 (98.21 sq mi)
 • Water6.83 km2 (2.64 sq mi)  2.6%
 • Rank#280 in Norway
Highest elevation
[1]
1,067.31 m (3,501.67 ft)
Population
 (2024)
 • Total
9,357
 • Rank#120 in Norway
 • Density35.8/km2 (93/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Increase +3%
DemonymsHarams-mann
Harams-kvinne
Haramsøying[2]
Official language
[3]
 • Norwegian formNynorsk
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-1534[4]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Haram is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the Sunnmøre region. The administrative center is Brattvåg, the industrial center of Sunnmøre. Other important villages in the municipality include Austnes, Eidsvik, Helle, Longva, Hildrestranda, Søvik, Tennfjord, and Vatne.

The 261-square-kilometre (101 sq mi) municipality is the 280th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Haram Municipality is the 120th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 9,357. The municipality's population density is 35.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (93/sq mi) and its population has increased by 3% over the previous 10-year period.[5][6]

Brattvåg IL is a sports club based in the municipality. Tennfjord Mannskor is a male choir from the village of Tennfjord.

General information

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View of the village of Søvik

The parish of Harham (later spelled Haram) was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 January 1890, Haram Municipality was divided into two: the western island district (population: 794) became the new Roald Municipality and the eastern district (population: 1,956) remained as Haram Municipality.[7]

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1965, three municipal changes involving Haram occurred, altering the size of the municipality (and ultimately creating a much larger municipality):[7]

  • The part of Haram Municipality on the island of Harøya, including the Myklebust area and the smaller surrounding islands to the west of there (population: 287), was separated from Haram Municipality and merged into the neighboring Sandøy Municipality to the northeast.
  • Most of Vatne Municipality (population: 2,260) to the southeast of Haram Municipality was merged into Haram Municipality.
  • The Søvik area in Borgund Municipality (population: 1,191) to the south of Haram Municipality were merged into Haram.

On 1 January 2020, the Haram Municipality, Skodje Municipality, Ørskog Municipality, Sandøy Municipality, and Ålesund Municipality were merged to form a new, much larger Ålesund Municipality. This occurred because in June 2017, the Parliament of Norway voted to approve the merger.[8] Soon after the merger, there was discontent among the people who had lived in the old Haram Municipality. After lots of discussions, the municipal council of the new Ålesund Municipality petitioned the government to reverse that part of the merger and to recreate Haram Municipality once again. On 3 October 2022, the Parliament of Norway approved a law to recreate Haram Municipality effective on 1 January 2024.[9]

Name

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The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Haram farm (Old Norse: Harhamarr) since the first Haram Church was built there. The first element is prefix har- which has an unknown meaning. The last element is hamarr which means "stone" or "steep cliff". Prior to 1889, the name was written Harham.[10]

Coat of arms

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The coat of arms was granted on 7 August 1987 and it was in use until 2020 when the municipality ceased to exist. The official blazon is "Per fess engrailed of three lobes argent and azure" (Norwegian: Delt av sølv og blått med omvend bogesnitt med tre bogar). This means the arms have are divided with a horizontal line that is engrailed three times. The field (background) below the line has a tincture of azure. Above the line, the field has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The design was chosen to look like three waves, symbolizing the importance of the sea in this island municipality. The arms were designed by Eldar Tandstad. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.[11][12][13]

Dialect

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The dialect of the area was well known for its practice of H-dropping and the old and traditional pronunciation of the name of the municipality was [a:ram].

Churches

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The Church of Norway has four parishes (sokn) within Haram Municipality. It is part of the Nordre Sunnmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre.

Churches in Haram
Parish (sokn) Church name Location of the church Year built
Haram og Fjortoft Haram Church Austnes 1838
Lepsøy Chapel Lepsøya 1896
Fjørtoft Church Fjørtofta 1878
Vatne Vatne Church Vatne 1868
Hamnsund Hamnsund Church just south of Søvik 1875
Brattvåg Brattvåg Church Brattvåg 1977
Hildre Church Hildrestranda 1905

Geography

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The municipality of Haram includes many islands including Bjørnøya, Fjørtofta, Haramsøya, Løvsøya, Skuløya, and Terøya. The islands of Bjørnøya and Terøya are connected to the mainland via causeways. The islands of Haramsøya and Skuløya are connected with the Ullasund Bridge. The new Nordøyvegen bridge and tunnel network (completed in 2022) connects all of the main islands of Haram to the mainland via the Fjørtoftfjord Tunnel, Nogvafjord Tunnel, Haramsfjord Tunnel, and Lepsøy Bridge. The Haramsfjorden, Vatnefjorden, and Romsdal Fjord all flow through the municipality. The Ulla Lighthouse and Hellevik Lighthouse are both located in the northwestern part of the municipality.

The municipality shares land borders with Vestnes Municipality to the east and Ålesund Municipality to the south. The rest of the municipality is surrounded by sea. The municipality also borders (by sea) Ålesund Municipality and Molde Municipality to the northeast, Ålesund Municipality to the south, and Giske Municipality to the west. The highest point in the municipality is the 1,067.31-metre (3,501.7 ft) tall mountain Blåskjerdingen, located near the border with Vestnes Municipality.[1]

Government

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Haram Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[14] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Møre og Romsdal District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

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The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Haram is made up of 27 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Haram kommunestyre 2024–2027 [15]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 3
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 4
  Industry and Business Party (Industri‑ og Næringspartiet) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 9
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:27
Note: On 1 January 2024, the municipality was re-established after being separated from Ålesund Municipality.
Haram kommunestyre 2015–2019 [16]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 5
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 6
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet Dei Grøne) 1
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:27
Note: On 1 January 2020, Haram Municipality became part of Ålesund Municipality.
Haram kommunestyre 2011–2015 [17]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 5
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
 Independent election list for Haram
 (Uavhengig valliste for Haram)		5
Total number of members:31
Haram kommunestyre 2007–2011 [16]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 4
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 10
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 Independent election list for Haram
 (Uavhengig valliste for Haram)		6
Total number of members:37
Haram kommunestyre 2003–2007 [16]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 5
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 8
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 Independent election list for Haram
 (Uavhengig valliste for Haram)		6
Total number of members:37
Haram kommunestyre 1999–2003 [16]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 5
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
 Independent election list for Haram
 (Uavhengig valliste for Haram)		4
Total number of members:37
Haram kommunestyre 1995–1999 [18]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 6
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 8
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
 Søvik and Gamlem list (Søvik og Gamlem liste)4
 Haramsøy list (Haramsøy liste)1
Total number of members:37
Haram kommunestyre 1991–1995 [19]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 4
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
 Søvik, Gamlem, and Grytestrand list
 (Søvik, Gamlem og Grytestrand liste)		5
 Lepsøy list (Lepsøy liste)2
 Haramsøy list (Haramsøy liste)2
 Vestrefjord, Vatne, and Tennfjord list
 (Vestrefjord, Vatne og Tennfjord liste)		6
Total number of members:37
Haram kommunestyre 1987–1991 [20]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 7
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
 Lepsøy list (Lepsøy liste)2
 Haramsøy list (Haramsøy liste)2
 Vestrefjord, Vatne, and Tennfjord list
 (Vestrefjord, Vatne og Tennfjord liste)		6
Total number of members:37
Haram kommunestyre 1983–1987 [21]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 9
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 8
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
 Haramsøy list (Haramsøy liste)3
 Vestrefjord, Vatne, and Tennfjord list
 (Vestrefjord, Vatne og Tennfjord liste)		4
Total number of members:37
Haram kommunestyre 1979–1983 [22]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 8
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
 Election list for Vestfjord, Vatne, and Tennfjord
 (Valliste for Vestrefjord, Vatne og Tennfjord)		4
 Election list for Skuløy, Flemsøy, Haramsøy, and Lepsøy
 (Valliste for Skuløy, Flemsøy, Haramsøy og Lepsøy)		1
Total number of members:37
Haram kommunestyre 1975–1979 [23]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 7
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 8
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
 Election list for Vestfjord, Vatne, and Tennfjord
 (Valliste for Vestrefjord, Vatne og Tennfjord)		3
 Election list for Gamlem, Søvik, and Grytestranda
 (Valliste for Gamlem, Søvik og Grytestranda)		2
 Election list for Lepsøy (Valliste for Lepsøy)2
Total number of members:37
Haram kommunestyre 1971–1975 [24]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 7
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 6
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 9
Total number of members:37
Haram kommunestyre 1967–1971 [25]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 7
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 11
Total number of members:37
Haram kommunestyre 1963–1967 [26]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 2
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 19
Total number of members:21
Haram heradsstyre 1959–1963 [27]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 2
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 19
Total number of members:21
Haram heradsstyre 1955–1959 [28]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 21
Total number of members:21
Haram heradsstyre 1951–1955 [29]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 1
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 19
Total number of members:20
Haram heradsstyre 1947–1951 [30]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 20
Total number of members:20
Haram heradsstyre 1945–1947 [31]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 4
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 16
Total number of members:20
Haram heradsstyre 1937–1941* [32]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 5
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 15
Total number of members:20
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.

Mayors

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The mayor (Nynorsk: ordførar) of Haram is the political leader of the municipality and the chairperson of the municipal council. Here is a list of people who have held this position:[33][34]

  • 1838–1841: Sjur Olsen Hatlemark
  • 1842–1851: Carl Sjursen Haram
  • 1852–1857: Nils Rasmussen Aakre
  • 1858–1862: Jens Kobro Daae
  • 1863–1867: Nils Rasmussen Aakre
  • 1868–1878: Hans Rasmussen Vestre
  • 1879–1900: Nils Ingebrigtsen Alvestad (V)
  • 1901–1911: Nils Nilsen Aakre (V)
  • 1911–1912: Knudt Severin Jonas Olsen Otterlei (V)
  • 1913–1921: Ole Rasmus Knutsen Flem (V)
  • 1922–1925: Knudt Severin Jonas Olsen Otterlei (V)
  • 1926–1928: Martinus Eriksen Otterlei
  • 1929–1934: Karl Gunnarson Rogne (V)
  • 1935–1941: Ole Johanson Skjelten
  • 1941–1945: Martinus Kjerstad (NS)
  • 1945–1955: Lars Larsson Fjørtoft (V)
  • 1984–1985: Robert Hurlen (H)
  • 1986–1988: Svein Ottar Sandal (KrF)
  • 1989–1989: Knut Wahl (Ap)
  • 1990–1991: Robert Hurlen (H)
  • 1992–1999: Margrethe Tennfjord (KrF)
  • 1999–2007: Oddbjørn Vatne (Sp)
  • 2007–2015: Bjørn Sandnes (H)
  • 2015–2019: Vebjørn Krogsæter (Sp)
  • (2020–2023: Haram Municipality was part of Ålesund Municipality)
  • 2024–present: Vebjørn Krogsæter (Sp)
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References

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  1. ^ a b "Høgaste fjelltopp i kvar kommune" (in Norwegian). Kartverket. 16 January 2024.
  2. ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  3. ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  4. ^ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (9 January 2024). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Foreningen Store norske leksikon.
  5. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå (2018). "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian). Retrieved 4 August 2019.
  6. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian). Retrieved 4 August 2019.
  7. ^ a b Jukvam, Dag (1999). "Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. ISBN 9788253746845.
  8. ^ "Om nye Ålesund: Bakgrunn" (in Norwegian). Nye Ålesund kommune. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
  9. ^ "Forskrift om gjennomføring av deling av Ålesund kommune til Haram kommune og Ålesund kommune". Lovdata.no (in Norwegian). 3 October 2022. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  10. ^ Rygh, Oluf (1908). Norske gaardnavne: Romsdals amt (in Norwegian) (13 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. p. 206.
  11. ^ "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  12. ^ "Haram, Møre og Romsdal". Flags of the World. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  13. ^ "Godkjenning av våpen og flagg". Lovdata.no (in Norwegian). Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet. 7 August 1987. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  14. ^ Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (25 November 2024). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Foreningen Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
  15. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2023 - Møre og Romsdal". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  16. ^ a b c d "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  17. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2011 - Møre og Romsdal" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
  18. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  19. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  20. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  21. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  22. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1979" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1979. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  23. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  24. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  25. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1967" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1967. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  26. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1963" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1964. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  27. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1959" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1960. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  28. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1955" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1957. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  29. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1951" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1952. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  30. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1947" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1948. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  31. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1945" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1947. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  32. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1937" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1938. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  33. ^ Rogne, M (1937). "Kommunestyringa 1837–1937". Haram og Vigra kommune 1837–1937 (in Norwegian). Ålesund: Sunnmørspostens bok- og aksidenstrykkeri. p. 16.
  34. ^ "Ordførarar i Haram 1965–". Haram kommune (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 6 November 2015.
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